Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) can be a challenging diagnosis. Although rare, researchers have found that Black Americans — particularly Black women — have shorter survival rates than other races. The good news, however, is that understanding the basics can help you navigate this journey with more confidence. Here, we break down the key points about CML, including symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment, to empower you with knowledge and support.

What is Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)?

CML is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It’s characterized by the overproduction of immature white blood cells called myeloid cells. These cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to symptoms and complications.

Symptoms of CML

• Fatigue
• Unexplained weight loss
• Night sweats
• Fever
• Abdominal pain or fullness
• Easy bruising or bleeding
• Bone pain

RELATED: What Are the 3 Phases of CML – And What Should You Expect?

Causes of CML

The exact cause of CML is not fully understood, but it’s believed to be related to a genetic mutation called the Philadelphia chromosome. This mutation causes the bone marrow to produce abnormal white blood cells.

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Diagnosis

Diagnosing CML usually involves a series of tests, including:

• Blood tests to check for abnormal white blood cell counts and the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome
• Bone marrow biopsy to examine the marrow for abnormal cells

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Treatment

Treatment for CML typically involves targeted therapy, which focuses on blocking the action of the abnormal protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome. This therapy is highly effective and can help control the disease for many years.

RELATED: 5 Ways to Make Your CML Treatment More Affordable

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Phases of CML

CML progresses through three phases:

1. Chronic phase: This phase is often asymptomatic or may have mild symptoms. Most people are diagnosed during this phase.
2. Accelerated phase: In this phase, CML is more aggressive, and symptoms may worsen. There is a higher risk of the disease transforming into acute leukemia.
3. Blast phase (or blast crisis): This is the most advanced phase of CML, where a large number of immature white blood cells (blasts) are present in the blood and bone marrow. This phase is similar to acute leukemia and requires immediate and intensive treatment.

Tips for Managing CML

1. Stay informed: Educate yourself about CML and ask questions to your healthcare team. Knowledge is empowering.
2. Follow your treatment plan: Stick to your prescribed medication and treatment schedule to help manage the disease effectively.
3. Stay active: Regular physical activity can help combat fatigue and improve overall well-being.
4. Eat a balanced diet: A healthy diet can support your immune system and overall health.
5. Seek support: Join a support group or connect with others living with CML for emotional support and practical advice.

RELATED: 5 Lifestyle Tips For Living With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any of the symptoms associated with CML, such as unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or easy bruising, it’s important to see a doctor promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes and quality of life.

Conclusion

Living with CML requires ongoing management, but with the right information and support, it’s possible to lead a fulfilling life. By understanding the basics of CML, you can take an active role in your treatment and well-being.