When getting a much-needed mani or pedi, usually the only things to worry about are the long wait time or your favorite color being out of stock. Unfortunately, some potential dangers may also be lurking in the salon that aren’t so pretty. In 2014, a 22-year-old Brazilian woman may have contracted HIV – simply by getting her nails done.
The woman was diagnosed with advanced HIV, but she didn’t participate in any of the most common risk factors. She never had sex, surgery, a blood transfusion or any tattoos or piercings. Her unique case was published in the journal AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.
How could this have happened?
Ten years before her diagnosis, the woman remembered sharing nail instruments with her cousin who was a manicurist. The cousin was later diagnosed with HIV. The two women had very similar strains of the virus.
According to U.S. News & World Report, about 75 percent of salons in the U.S. don’t follow state protocol for disinfection, leaving you at risk of serious infections, like HIV or hepatitis C.
Contracting HIV in a nail salon is a possibility, according to experts. “Any sharp instrument could theoretically carry this risk,” Dr. Ronald Hershow, an infectious disease expert at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, who has studied HIV in women told Yahoo Health.
The skin around nails is extremely sensitive and when doing manicures and pedicures Dr. Hershow explains, “they use metal instruments and files, and there might be blood or blood-derived body fluids, like the oozy material that comes out of a skin lesion. If you’re filing a cuticle and get a little blood on the file, then use it on a person, there would be some risk, yes.”
The HIV virus is fragile and cannot survive for long outside the human body. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HIV is not transmitted through saliva, sweat, or tears. The virus is primarily transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
For HIV transmission to occur during a pedicure or manicure, several unlikely events would need to happen:
Fresh Blood: The instruments would need to come into contact with fresh blood from an HIV-infected person with a high viral load.
Immediate Use: The contaminated instruments would need to be used immediately on another person without being cleaned.
Open Wound: The second person would need to have an open cut or wound that comes into contact with the contaminated instrument.
Other Infections: A Real Concern
While HIV transmission is not as likely, other infections are a more realistic concern. Fungal infections of the nails and warts can be easily spread through contaminated instruments. Hepatitis C, a viral infection that affects the liver, can also be transmitted through blood-to-blood contact.
This, of course, makes businesses that offer piercings, acupuncture and tattooing also potential sites for risk. According to HIV experts, instruments that can penetrate the skin or become contaminated with blood should be sterilized or thrown away after ONE use. These include:
RELATED: 5 Health Risks Lurking At Your Nail Salon
Salons are high-traffic areas and there’s no way you can control who will be there before you or after you.
However, you can do your due diligence to make sure that your salon and manicurist are providing quality services that minimize health risks. Here are a few things you can do to protect yourself.
Most salons will have UV sterilizers displayed for their customers’ peace of mind, but you may be shocked to find out that these may be just for show! Many salons have fake “blue light toasters” that offer nothing more than the depiction of sterilization.
For guaranteed sterilization, ask your tech to soak tools and cleanse bowls and stations in a barbicide bath. This blue solution has proven to be effective in killing tuberculosis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C and HIV-1.
It is recommended that salon workers wear latex or vinyl gloves (inquire about the type if you have allergies) during contact with customers if they have open sores or broken skin on their hands.
Due to safety concerns, many salons have gotten away from using razors or graters to remove dead skin. If your technician attempts to use these tools, it’s okay to say no.
Also, politely stop them if you notice they are attempting to reuse a tool. It’s okay to ask for tools that are fresh out of the package or retrieved from where it is being disinfected.
RELATED: Do You Practice These Nail Salon Safety Tips?
Feel free to bring your own nail files and cuticle tools, this way you know you are the only person to use them. As an extra precaution, you can also make sure your nail technician is using the proper filing technique.
Filing in both directions makes your nails split and compromises their health. The proper way to file the nails is from corner to center in one direction.
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